Additional resources and references

• The New Zealand HPV Project: https://www.hpv.org.nz/about-hpv/about-hpv
• BreastScreen Aotearoa Programme: https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/about-us/what-we-do/programmes-and-initiatives/breastscreen-aotearoa-programme
•  Breast Cancer Foundation NZ: https://www.breastcancerfoundation.org.nz/
• National Cervical Screening Programme: https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/health-topics/keeping-healthy/cancer-screening/cervical-screening

• Healthify NZ:

  o   Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/s/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis

  o   Vaginal Thrush: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/v/vaginal-thrush

  o   Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/p/pelvic-inflammatory-disease

• Shoemaker, E. S., Sandstrom, E., Dangerfield, C. D., Linton, J., Cholette, F., McClarty, L. M., Lazarus, L., Herpai, N., Pavlova, D., Pickles, M., & Becker, M. (2025). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among military personnel: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 15(11), e103674. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-103674
• Korzeniewski, K., Juszczak, D., & Paul, P. (2020). Sexually transmitted infections in the military environment. International Maritime Health, 71(3), 207–212. http://doi.org/10.5603/IMH.2020.0037

• Te Whatu Ora | Health NZ: https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/health-topics/keeping-healthy/eating-well/getting-enough-to-drink
• Healthify NZ:

  o   Dehydration in adults: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/d/dehydration-adults

  o   Urinary tract infection (UTI) in women: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/u/urinary-tract-infection-uti-in-women

  o   Recurrent urinary tract infectors (UTIs): https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/u/urinary-tract-infections-recurring

  o   Bladder control problems: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/b/bladder-control-problems

• Continence NZ: https://www.continence.org.nz
• Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. (2014, February). Urinary tract infections, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2000–2013. Medical Surveillance Monthly Report, 21(2), 7–11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24601684/
• Czajkowski, K., Broś-Konopielko, M., & Teliga-Czajkowska, J. (2021). Urinary tract infection in women. Menopause Review/Przegląd Menopauzalny, 20(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.105382
• Davis, G., Sherman, R., Wong, M. F., McClure, G., Perez, R., & Hibbert, M. (1999). Urinary incontinence among female soldiers. Military Medicine, 164(3), 182–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/164.3.182
• MacLennan, A. H., Taylor, A. W., Wilson, D. H., & Wilson, D. (2000). The prevalence of pelvic floor disorders and their relationship to gender, age, parity and mode of delivery. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 107(12), 1460–1470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11669.x
• Magon, N., Kalra, B., Malik, S., & Chauhan, M. (2011). Stress urinary incontinence: What, when, why, and then what? Journal of mid-life health, 2(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.92525
• Medina, M., & Castillo-Pino, E. (2019). An introduction to the epidemiology and burden of urinary tract infections. Therapeutic Advances in Urology, 11, 1756287219832172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756287219832172
• O'Shea, S., Pope, R., Freire, K., & Orr, R. (2025). Pelvic health in female military personnel: Broadening the conversation. Women & Health, 65(4), 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2025.2489519
• O'Shea, S. D., Pope, R., Freire, K., Orr, R., & Maj, N. G. (2023). Genitourinary infections in Australian servicewomen. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 42(7), 1668–1675. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.25252
• Thom D. (1998). Variation in estimates of urinary incontinence prevalence in the community: effects of differences in definition, population characteristics, and study type. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 46(4), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02469.x

• Te Whatu Ora | Health NZ: https://info.health.nz/conditions-treatments/womens-health/periods
• Healthify NZ:

o   Periods: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/m/menstruation

o   Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/p/premenstrual-syndrome-pms

o   Heavy Bleeding: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/p/periods-heavy-bleeding

o   Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS): https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/p/polycystic-ovary-syndrome

o   Endometriosis: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/e/endometriosis

o   Period (menstrual cycle) tracking apps: https://healthify.nz/apps/p/period-menstrual-cycle-tracking-apps

• Sexual Wellbeing Aotearoa: https://sexualwellbeing.org.nz/adv/periods/the-menstrual-cycle/
• High Performance Sport New Zealand (HPSNZ):

o   The Menstrual Cycle Athlete Information Sheet: https://hpsnz.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/WHISPA-Patient-info-sheet-The-Mentrual-Cycle-V6.pdf

o   Balanced Athlete Health Resource: https://cdn.hpsnz.org.nz/content/uploads/2025/08/29105619/BalancedAthleteHealth.pdf?_gl=1*vetkmu*_gcl_au*NTE3MjQ5MzUxLjE3NjA1NzA5MjU.*_ga*MTc1NzAzMTk5Ni4xNzQ5MTU4MTA1*_ga_TT63DFCZP6*czE3NjQwMzc4MzAkbzckZzEkdDE3NjQwMzgwNDkkajYwJGwwJGgw 

• The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) - 2025 Female Performance & Health Initiative:

o   Normal Menstrual Cycle: https://static.ausport.gov.au/fphi/module-2/#/

o   Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities 1: https://static.ausport.gov.au/fphi/module-3/#/

o   Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities 2: https://static.ausport.gov.au/fphi/module-4/#/

• UK Ministry of Defence (2022) Servicewomen’s Health Handbook: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/servicewomens-health-handbook
• Mikes, B. A., Vadakekut, E. S., & Sparzak, P. B. (2025). Abnormal uterine bleeding. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532913/
•  Attia, G. M., Alharbi, O. A., & Aljohani, R. M. (2023). The impact of irregular menstruation on health: a review of the literature. Cureus, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49146
• Mikkonen, R. S., & Häkkinen, K. (2025). Evidence for periodizing strength and/or endurance training according to menstrual cycle phases to optimize female athlete performance is lacking. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 47(6), 630-642. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000917
• Colenso-Semple, L. M., D'Souza, A. C., Elliott-Sale, K. J., & Phillips, S. M. (2023). Current evidence shows no influence of women's menstrual cycle phase on acute strength performance or adaptations to resistance exercise training. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1054542. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1054542

• Sexual Wellbeing Aotearoa:  https://sexualwellbeing.org.nz/adv/contraception
• Healthify NZ: https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/c/contraception-help-me-choose
• Phillips, A. K., & Lynn, A. B. (2022). Scoping Review on Menstrual Suppression Among U.S. Military Service Members. Military Medicine, 187(3-4), e329–e337. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab200
• Girum, T., & Wasie, A. (2018). Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contraception and reproductive medicine, 3, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-018-0064-y
• Yland, J. J., Bresnick, K. A., Hatch, E. E., Wesselink, A. K., Mikkelsen, E. M., Rothman, K. J., Sørensen, H. T., Huybrechts, K. F., & Wise, L. A. (2020). Pregravid contraceptive use and fecundability: prospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 371, m3966. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3966
•  Mansour, D., Gemzell-Danielsson, K., Inki, P., & Jensen, J. T. (2011). Fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a comprehensive review of the literature. Contraception, 84(5), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.04.002

• Defence Health Policy (refer to Defence Health ILP)
• Tāngata Whaiora Defence Health Services Handbook for Members of the New Zealand Armed Force: https://health.nzdf.mil.nz/support-providers/specialist-military-support/tangata-whaiora
• Parental Planning: A guide for all members of the New Zealand Defence Force: https://health.nzdf.mil.nz/assets/Documents/23-0199-NZDF-PARENTAL-PLANNING-Guide-FA-v3-Online.pdf
• New Zealand Defence Force Guide to Exercise, Fitness and Physical Training during and Pregnancy: https://health.nzdf.mil.nz/assets/Documents/NZDF-Exercise-Guide-during-and-after-Pregnancy.pdf
• Fertility Associates: https://www.fertilityassociates.co.nz/
• Fertility NZ: https://www.fertilitynz.org.nz/
• Find your midwife: https://www.findyourmidwife.co.nz/
• Healthify NZ: https://healthify.nz/hauora-wellbeing/p/pregnancy
• Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI): https://www.mpi.govt.nz/food-safety-home/food-pregnancy
• Te Whatu Ora | Health NZ: https://www.healthnz.govt.nz/health-topics/pregnancy-maternity
• Whānau āwhina | Plunket: https://www.plunket.org.nz/

• Healthify NZ: https://healthify.nz/hauora-wellbeing/m/menopause
• Australasian Menopause Society: https://www.menopause.org.au/
• Breast Cancer Research Foundation: https://www.bcrf.org/blog/the-estrogen-and-breast-cancer-connection/
• Minkin MJ, Reiter S, Maamari R. (2015). Prevalence of postmenopausal symptoms in North America and Europe. Menopause, 22(11):1231-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000464
• Avis et al. (2018). Vasomotor Symptoms Across the Menopause Transition: Differences Among Women. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 45, 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.005
• MacLennan AH. (2009). Evidence-based review of therapies at the menopause. International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare, 7(2):11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2009.00133.x
• Willman, A., & King, K. (2023). Serving through the perimenopause: Experiences of women in the UK Armed Forces. Maturitas, 169, 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.01.003